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this post was submitted on 26 Dec 2024
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No Stupid Questions
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It increases the risk of electrical overload and overheating as it adds more resistance to the circuit.
Thanks for the response! Would you mind going a bit more in depth about that please? I could understand increasing the risk of overload if you were to daisychain power boards, as they add more power points to the circuit than it was designed for. But extension cords (at least in my experience) only have 2 ends - one with a single plug receptacle, and the other that plugs into a power point
Is it the actual connection between the two that adds more resistance to it? If it were the wiring, then wouldn't that also pose a problem for longer extension cords?
In either case, what sort of resistance add are we talking about (feel free to pick random lengths of examples make it easier to explain)?
The longer the cable, the thicker (heavier gauge) it needs to be to carry the same current without burning up. One extension cord is rated to carry the current it alone is able to carry. Put two of those in series, and both of them together are able to carry less current than either one by itself. This is how fires start.
Nailed it in far fewer words than me.
Another bit of explanation I just thought of --
Think of an incandescent light bulb. It has a filament. You run electricity through the filament and it heats up enough to glow, producing light to see by. It does that because the thin filament has high resistance; it resists allowing current to flow through it.
Any piece of conductive material will do the same thing if you put enough current through it. Even an extension cord. It will heat up enough to glow. Being an extension cord, it will then melt the insulation and dramatically increase the likelihood of setting something on fire.
This is primarily a concern because extension cords aren't fused, and there's no control over how they are routed.
Most wiring in your walls come after a circuit breaker and are designed to allow for a certain amount of heating. The electrician follows a code that guarantees that the circuit breaker will trip before there's any possibility of too much heat. This table indicates a higher ampacity rating for higher temperature ratings.
Now most extension cords are made cheaper by using lower gauge than the wiring in your walls. The general assumption is that they're spread out, so the heat has no way to build up, and you won't be plugging them permanently into something drawing the peak 15A allowed by the circuit breaker.
If you were to pile up a 100 foot extension cable and plug in a hairdryer, you'd probably start a fire. If it was all spread out, likely your hair dryer would just receive less than the 120V it's expecting, and it wouldn't get very hot.
Ironically, dinky christmas lights make very safe extension cords because they're fused inside the plug.
And because the wire gauge is less than the wiring in the wall the breaker won’t trip before it reaches the point where it’s overloaded either.
Other way around. Low resistance - high power.