Ah, I'm not sure how the US market rules compare to other large stock exchanges but I don't believe there are an enormous number of outright scams on either the NYSE or NASDAQ. There's definitely a fine line between marketing, hype, and scam. Musk, for instance, pretty blatantly crosses the line into market manipulation but that's more an exception than a rule. In general, disclosures are accurate and you can pretty much know what you're getting into before buying.