My Samsung phone shipped with Samsung Notes on it, which works perfectly as a basic notes app and while not FOSS, so far as I can tell if you haven't logged into a Samsung account the contents stay local. You can also just deny internet permissions to the app if you're paranoid about it. But if you want a cloud sync it supports that with a Samsung account, can't speak on that feature very much as I don't use it.

Accuweather has both an app and a widget I've been using with zero problems for almost a decade.

I use Keep Notes for cloud sync notes and to-do lists shared in real time with my partner and family.

I don't use a Journal app, but from some brief searching Obsidian seems to do most of what you'll want out of it, and could also serve as a generic notes app.

I either already had all of these installed or, in the case of Obsidian, found it within about 2 minutes of brief searching. (Looked up what the Journal app does -> "hmm, this sounds like Onenote" -> there is no Libre office Onenote alternative -> didn't Evernote used to be good? -> Evernote has enshittified, Obsidian is the best rated replacement).

At the risk of maybe sounding like an asshole, I really don't understand your complaints here. All of these suggestions either came baked into my OS or were very easy to find on the app store. Keep Notes was the only one I had to be introduced to and only that because I had no use for a multi-user-sync list or notes app beforehand.