https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Act_(Canada)

Usage

The caucus member ejection provisions were first used when the Conservative caucus voted to eject Derek Sloan on January 20, 2021.[9][10][11]

In February 2022, the leadership removal provisions were invoked for the first time by the Conservative caucus following the 2021 election, which used it to trigger a leadership review against, and remove, Erin O'Toole. During the review, 45 MPs voted to retain him against 73 who voted for his removal.[12] Deputy Leader Candice Bergen was selected as interim leader.[13][14] O'Toole's removal marked the first time since the Reform Act was passed into law seven years prior, that a party caucus formally challenged and dismissed its leader.[15]