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A lot of it had to do with the Iran hostage crisis (1979-81). There was a failed rescue attempt by US military in 1980 that cost the lives of 8 servicement (chopper crash) that really put the nail in the coffin for Carter.
The final death knell was the October surprise theory (supported by "several individuals—most notably, former Iranian President Abulhassan Banisadr, former Lieutenant Governor of Texas Ben Barnes, former naval intelligence officer and U.S. National Security Council member Gary Sick, and Barbara Honegger, a former campaign staffer and White House analyst for Reagan and his successor, George H. W. Bush—have stood by the allegation." source). While the theory does have its detractors it has a lot of support by those in the know.
I was around back then and remember watching Carter almost wither away under the onslaught from Reagan and the Moral Majority.
You didn't actually explain what the October Surprise Theory was. According to your link:
Whoops. Sorry about that.
1980 October Surprise
There was also both the energy crisis itself and the "Crisis of Confidence" speech during the middle of the energy crisis, which people saw as Carter just ignoring the energy crisis.
Really, a lot of things went wrong. The biggest, though, was that Carter just refused to kiss Tip O'Neill's ring and it meant he had both parties working against him.