yes, though I think a naming system like this isn't an individual act as much as occurs on the level of social norms and rules; a single individual won't introduce a competing matrilineal naming system just by convincing her children into it...

Either way, I somewhat agree with the criticism of the joke that the last name coming from a patrilineal origin isn't a gotcha, though maybe that's actually the point of the meme since Homelander is the one posing it as a gotcha (and he's a villain, so it would make sense to symbolize a misogynist with him). The name would still be inherited in a matrilineal way even if it started as a patrilineal name further up the chain.

I guess there is a question of whether the name's origin matters at all when we are concerned with the patriarchial nature of a practice where women lose their family names and men don't. That practice being disrupted is what matters, not what the actual name is.

This is true, but who decided that a woman keeping her maiden name is just using her father’s name? That idea comes from patriarchy. If I inherit something at birth, like a rare coin, it’s mine, whether it came from my mom or dad. The same goes for a woman’s name—it’s hers because she’s had it since birth. Suggesting she doesn’t own it, and must create a new name to escape, reinforces the idea that only patrilineal identity matters and undermines her autonomy in making that choice.