Per the arch wiki for Secure Boot:

Secure Boot is a security feature found in the UEFIstandard, designed to add a layer of protection to the pre-boot process: by maintaining a cryptographically signed list of binaries authorized or forbidden to run at boot, it helps in improving the confidence that the machine core boot components (boot manager, kernel, initramfs) have not been tampered with.

As such it can be seen as a continuation or complement to the efforts in securing one's computing environment, reducing the attack surface that other software security solutions such as system encryption cannot easily cover, while being totally distinct and not dependent on them. Secure Boot just stands on its own as a component of current security practices, with its own set of pros and cons.

Note: For a deeper overview about Secure Boot in Linux, see Rodsbooks' Secure Boot article and other online resources.

Per arch wiki for TPM:

Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor, which is a dedicated microprocessor designed to secure hardware by integrating cryptographic keys into devices.

In practice a TPM can be used for various different security applications such as secure boot, key storage and random number generation.

TPM is naturally supported only on devices that have TPM hardware support. If your hardware has TPM support but it is not showing up, it might need to be enabled in the BIOS settings.

Note: There are two very different TPM specifications: 2.0 and 1.2, which also use different software stacks.

All that to say this is still not as secure as it could be (since it lacks some decent remote attestation), but security is best in layers, so a Secure Boot setup can be a great way to protect your pre-boot process.