Fry means to cook with oil.

You have pan frying, deep frying, shallow frying, they all have additional descriptors, and you can usually infer the type from the product. You can always say deep fried chicken, but that’s also assumed when you say “fried chicken” already. If it’s fried different you would maybe say “pan fried chicken” instead.

Wait until you run into the other usages of the word!

But frying food is just using direct heat and oil to cook, regardless of the depth of the oil. And, you'd be surprised how deep the oil is when some people fry eggs or rice. It isn't too unusual for eggs to have enough oil that they more or less float on top of it, though that isn't done for scrambled eggs.

The word fry is also used to mean baby fish, electronics being damaged by surges or excess voltage/amperage, and sometimes even to indicate that someone is inebriated via drugs other than alcohol. Plus there's irregular uses of the word.

You forgot the small fry that will be vader someday later.

"To fry" means to cook in oil or fat. A distinction we can make is "deep fry" like the chicken, and "pan fry" for the other 2. We don't use woks as much here so really the only difference between fried rice and a fried egg is whether you stir it or flip it, but both are still cooked in a pan with oil.

No, it isn’t.

Frying is basically conveying heat to the food via oil

We have some oddly obtuse language for cooking in English.

We use the same phrase to describe foods that are high in temperature and contain lots of capsaicin (hot). We can use spicy, I suppose, but it gets a little odd describing foods with lots of spices that aren't chili pepper. I generally say "well-spiced" and that gets the message across. We hardly have a way to distinguish "types of spicy" flavoring, such as that from chili, horseradish or peppercorns. I've seen some people start to say mala (loan word, 麻辣) for numbing spice, but that's uncommon and new.

That's just a few examples.

Most of our more precise language for cooking comes from other languages, like French. To saute, to braise, bain-marie, julienne, sous vide, etc. I'm not sure why English has so many lexical gaps specifically around cooking.

It's gotten WAY better. Some recipes from, like, the colonial era, have instructions like "cook well in a cold oven until done", so progress has been made, it's still often imprecise and clumsy.

I think y'all are missing the point. OP points out that in their native language, Cantonese, they have different words for each of these kinds of cooking. In English, we apply modifiers, if anything; "deep fry", "air fry", but we don't have different words for the different types of frying.

That's all they're saying. Eskimo words for snow. Oregonian words for rain. Georgian words for "you're an idiot." Apparently, in Cantonese, they have a lot of different words for different types of frying.

Sometimes after an aggressive cannabis consuming session I myself even become fried.

Scrambled egg is still fried egg

Never mind the small fry. The word "put" has enough different meanings to fry your CPU.

Nope, nothing ambiguous to me.

To fry means to cook in a fat. That is all.

That's like saying "blue" is ambiguous simply because there's also 13 different Pantone blues.

Fry is the name for baby fish.

English cooking vocabulary matches the sofistication of their cuisine