There’s no value for the higher ups in fixing it
Well there is, it's just long term value that they don't even understand.
Really you should just make fixing technical debt part of your regular job. Don't ask for permission, just do it. (Except for really big things obviously.)
This is really terrible advice. Sometimes it's better to do that, but definitely not in the example from this article.
If anyone says you should always prefer polymorphism to switches they are a bloody idiot.