The problem with the golden rule is that different people want to be treated differently, so they may treat you how they want to be treated but not how you want to be treated, and vice versa.

Maybe when you're struggling with an issue, you want to be left alone to figure it out by yourself, but your friend in the same scenario would want someone to start doing anything to help out and insisting on troubleshooting the issue together. So your friend ends up frustrating you by offering to help too much when you just want to be left alone and then when they're struggling, they get upset that you leave them alone to deal with it.

So communication is important. Ask people how they'd like to be treated rather than just assuming they'd want to be treated the way you want to be treated and be honest with them about how you'd like to be treated.

Technically, you could say we're the ones who set since it's the Earth's rotation causing the change.

California also isn't an island, but it's named after a fictional island in a Spanish novel, and was once thought to be an island.

"The simple idea of a 13-month perennial calendar has been around since at least the middle of the 18th century. Versions of the idea differ mainly on how the months are named, and the treatment of the extra day in leap year."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar

The easiest answer is that the plot and themes required it. The same way horror movie victims do stupid things like splitting up or checking on noises in a dark basement. It's necessary to advance the plot or maintain the status quo of the character relationships. Mulder needed a foil to his eagerness to embrace aliens and conspiracies as the explanation.

A handheld time machine

Moral responsibility initially lies in the people responsible for creating the situation. The rioters are responsible regardless of which choice is made because they are the ones creating the circumstance in which there is no option to avoid injustice. If you're the judge, you're not responsible for the rioters killing more than one person, however unfortunate that is. You would be responsible for knowingly killing a known innocent.

Likewise, with the trolley problem, regardless of what choice the operator makes, whoever tied up the people and put them on the tracks and whoever caused the trolley to barrel out of control is at least initially responsible.

You have it backwards. It actually used to be the standard.

"Until the 18th century, the apostrophe was extensively used to indicate plural forms. Its use for indicating plural "possessive" forms was not standard before the middle of the 19th century."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophe

But in language, generally, usage can alter standards, so you may see a shift of grammarians saying it's acceptable if enough people see it as valid.

The black pawns go on strike for higher wages, health insurance, and at least four weeks of vacation a year. Union bosses threaten to release information about King's browser history.

Have you considered that maybe you are a bot? Have you taken a Turing test lately? Voight-kampff?

Depends on the stores these days, in my experience. Some stores are scheduling fewer cashiers after installing more self checkout lanes and have removed signage about item limits in self checkout. If you want a human cashier, you have to wait a while because there might only be one on shift so you get a line.

Dying. Everyone's doing it.